Which type of observation allows the observer to gather information without interrupting the ongoing work?

The correct answer is the type of observation where the observer gathers information without interrupting the ongoing work, known as passive observation. This method allows the observer to take note of workflows, behaviors, and processes in their natural state without influencing or disrupting the activities of those being observed. This non-intrusive approach provides a clearer, more authentic picture of the environment and practices, enabling the observer to capture genuine insights and data.

In contrast, intrusive observation involves the observer actively engaging with the environment or individuals being studied, which may lead to changes in behavior due to the presence of the observer. Active observation also requires interaction or participation, which can alter the normal flow of work. Impact observation, while significant, pertains to assessing the outcomes or consequences of certain actions rather than the act of observing itself.